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Abdulkareem, M (2016) Investigation of the daylighting and the thermal environment of Nigeria's low-income housing: the case of Abuja, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Architecture, University of Portsmouth.

Al Dinah, M (2022) Coordination issues and unethical practices in comparison with other determinants of delays and cost overruns in the construction industry: how do the participants respond?, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

Al Hashemi, A (2011) Examining the relationship between migration, labour and crime in UAE: the case of Dubai, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

Alhusban, M (2018) Conceptual procurement framework for building information modelling uptake to enhance buildings' sustainability performance in the Jordanian public sector, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, University of Portsmouth.

Alotaibi, A B (2019) Project management: the implication of project management practices on project success in Saudi Arabia, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Operations and Systems Management, University of Portsmouth.

Arafa, E A B (2015) The impact of knowledge management on project success, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Business School, University of Portsmouth.

Elghaish, F A K (2020) An automated IPD cost management system: BIM and blockchain based solution, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

  • Type: Thesis
  • Keywords: blockchain; budgeting; building information modelling; communication; construction project; cost estimation; cost management; decision making; integration; payment; value management; trust; case study; interview; Monte Carlo simulation; simulation; cost i
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-automated-ipd-cost-management-system(69f4820d-4ab5-446e-a8ab-5b49d9440454).html
  • Abstract:
    Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) is characterised by risk/reward sharing, deferring paying the parties’ profits until all project activities are completed, and replacing the tender stage by buyout stage without traditional biding. IPD in integration with Building Information Modelling/Management (BIM) is an optimal approach for delivering construction projects. This is, however fraught with complications, due to the lack of practical methods to direct this integration, and the inability of current cost management practices in developing accurate compensation structures, providing detailed cost information during the buyout stage (to enable parties to make the right decision), and determining fair risk/reward ratio in IPD arrangements. This research presents a comprehensive cost management system/solution for cost estimation, budgeting, and risk/reward sharing, by presenting; (1) an innovate approach to utilise 5D BIM capabilities with Monte Carlo simulation, hence providing reliable cost estimation during the conceptual Target Value Design (TVD) stage, (2) mathematical models that are developed through integrating Activity Based Costing (ABC) into 5D BIM to determine the three IPD’s cost structure limbs, (3) a novel mechanism of managing overhead costs through distinguishing between saved resources from the organisation level to the daily task level, to increase the trust amongst parties, (4) development of a framework to generate a cash flow approach using BIM tools (considering that IPD does not include tender stage), (5) development of a model (based on the framework) that displays all estimated cost data of each package as minimum/maximum estimated cash inflow during the buyout stage, for informed decision making. Regarding the risk/reward sharing solution, extant literature has highlighted the advantages of Earned Value Management-based (EVM) method for risk/reward sharing, and how ABC method can facilitate automating the sharing process. This study proposes an innovative approach to exploit the capabilities of these techniques coupled with BIM in automating/optimising the process of IPD risk/reward sharing. This includes providing mathematical equations for risk/reward sharing and developing a model that strengthens IPD parties’ relationships. Diverse Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) were adopted to develop the cost management system that comprises of two sub-systems; a Centralised Cost Management System (CCMS) and a Decentralised Cost Management System (DCMS). CCMS enables implementing the developed framework, and includes an integrated database for cost estimation, budget, and sharing risk/reward calculations. It is also linked with an interactive web-based management system to enable IPD core team members to check their package costs, making the decision during the buyout stage according to the displayed cash flows, access to a comprehensive financial report that includes the three main transaction in every payment milestone, and tracking the project status graphically using the developed EVM-Web grid. This system has been validated using an illustrative case study. DCMS enables all parties to control and track financial transactions, secured with no unauthorised change allowed using blockchain technology. As the first of its kind, this technology is adopted in the present study, in developing a framework to propose utilising the blockchain technology in delivering IPD-based projects. The outcome enables IPD’s core team members to execute all financial transactions automatically, through coding IPD’s three main transactions – reimbursed costs, profit and cost saving – as functions of the IPD’s smart contract. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, a proof of concept prototype is developed and validated through an IPD case project; the practicality of the built-up hyperledger network (IBM blockchain cloud beta 2) and the advantages of the proposed smart contract functions are examined. Findings demonstrate that the proposed financial system is user-friendly and very efficient in automating all transactions. No deficiency in the blockchain network components is observed. This research will foster the adoption of IPD across the AEC industry by providing a workable solution to existing financial barriers. It also opens a new horizon for researchers and practitioner to exploit blockchain in solving comparable deficiencies affecting the AEC industry. The research findings have been validated by interviewing BIM and IPD experts. The interviewees confirmed the applicability, practicability and validity of the developed framework and tools to deal with the revealed challenges of the IPD. The findings of this research are recommended by IPD experts to be presented to the industry as a set of steps to globalise its adoption.

Faris, H M A (2020) Improving project collaboration to minimise the energy performance gap in residential construction: case study of Kurdistan, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, University of Portsmouth.

Fox, D S J (1994) Knowledge-based systems for the demolition industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

Hamidavi, T (2020) Automatic integrated structural design and optimisation in BIM, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

Hauer, M (2012) A game-based learning approach to building conservation education in UK undergraduate built environment degrees, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Portsmouth School of Architecture, University of Portsmouth.

Jijingi, A T (2019) A BIM-enabled procurement framework in new buildings for the Nigerian architecture, engineering and construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, University of Portsmouth.

Marston, V K (1985) Interdependence of the functional element costs of buildings, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

Matarneh, S T (2019) BIM-based information exchange framework to support facilities management systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.

Petersen, A K (2005) Integrating risk management into the undergraduate construction management curriculum: An investigation into the effect of zero tolerance, 360-degree feedback and competition within a world wide web assisted construction project-based learning environmen, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , University of Portsmouth.